Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition. The immune system, which normally fights infection, attacks the lining of the joints, causing pain and swelling. Over time it can damage the joints. Around 450,000 adults in the UK have it. It is 2 to 3 times more common in women and often starts between 30 and 60.
Symptoms
- pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints, often the hands, wrists and feet
- usually on both sides of the body
- stiffness that is worse in the morning and lasts more than 30 minutes
- extreme tiredness (fatigue)
- feeling generally unwell, with a high temperature or weight loss
Symptoms often come and go. A worsening of symptoms is called a flare.
Getting diagnosed
Early treatment makes a big difference, so NICE says people with suspected RA should be referred urgently to a rheumatology specialist. Tests may include:
- blood tests, such as rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibodies and markers of inflammation (CRP and ESR)
- X-rays or an ultrasound of the joints
Read about treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
Common questions
Is rheumatoid arthritis the same as osteoarthritis?
No. Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and repair of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition, where the immune system attacks the lining of the joints. It needs different treatment.
Can rheumatoid arthritis affect other parts of the body?
Yes. It can cause tiredness and affect the eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels. It also raises the risk of heart disease, so looking after your heart matters.
Sources we used
- NHS, Rheumatoid arthritis
- NICE guideline NG100, Rheumatoid arthritis in adults
- National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society (NRAS)
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