Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition where the immune system attacks the protective layer (myelin) around the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. This disrupts messages between the brain and the body. More than 150,000 people in the UK have MS. It is often diagnosed in people in their 20s, 30s and 40s, and is more common in women.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary a lot from person to person:
- fatigue, which is very common
- problems with sight, such as blurred vision or pain moving the eye (optic neuritis)
- numbness or tingling
- muscle weakness, stiffness or spasms
- problems with balance and walking
- bladder and bowel problems
- problems with thinking, memory and concentration
- pain, and changes in mood
Types of MS
- relapsing remitting MS, the most common type, where symptoms flare up (relapses) and then improve
- secondary progressive MS, where symptoms slowly get worse over time after a period of relapses
- primary progressive MS, where symptoms get worse from the start
Getting diagnosed
A neurologist will examine you and arrange an MRI scan. You may also have a lumbar puncture or tests of how your nerves respond. It can take time to get a diagnosis.
Read about MS treatment.
Common questions
Is MS a disability from diagnosis?
Yes. Under the Equality Act 2010, you are protected as a disabled person from the day you are diagnosed with MS, even if you have no symptoms.
Does everyone with MS end up in a wheelchair?
No. Most people with MS do not need a wheelchair full time. Modern treatments have changed the outlook for many people.
Sources we used
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