Migraine

Migraine is a common condition that causes attacks of moderate to severe headache, often with other symptoms. It affects around 1 in 5 women and 1 in 15 men. Attacks can be very disabling, and some people have them several times a month.

Symptoms

A migraine attack often includes:

• a throbbing headache, often on one side of the head
• feeling or being sick
• being sensitive to light, sound or smells
• pain that gets worse when you move

An attack usually lasts from 4 hours to 3 days. Afterwards, many people feel drained for a day or so.

Aura

About 1 in 3 people with migraine have an aura, a warning sign that usually comes before the headache. It can include:

• zigzag lines, flashing lights or blind spots in your vision
• pins and needles or numbness, often starting in one hand
• difficulty speaking

An aura usually lasts less than an hour.

Triggers

Attacks do not always have a clear cause, but common triggers include:

• hormone changes, such as around a period
• stress, or relaxing after stress
• tiredness or changes to your sleep
• skipping meals or not drinking enough water
• alcohol and some foods
• bright or flickering lights

A headache diary can help you and your GP spot your triggers and patterns.

Diagnosis

There is no test for migraine. A GP will usually diagnose it from your symptoms and an examination. Keep a diary for a few weeks before your appointment if you can.

Treatment

There are medicines to stop an attack and medicines to prevent attacks. See migraine treatment.