Dementia is a word for a group of symptoms caused by diseases that damage the brain. It gets worse over time and affects memory, thinking, communication and daily life. Around 980,000 people in the UK live with dementia.
Early signs
- memory problems, especially remembering recent events
- finding it hard to follow conversations or find the right word
- getting confused about time or place, or getting lost
- problems planning, making decisions or handling money
- changes in mood or behaviour, such as anxiety, low mood or withdrawing from others
- finding familiar tasks harder
Types of dementia
- Alzheimer's disease, the most common type
- vascular dementia, caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often after strokes
- dementia with Lewy bodies, which can cause hallucinations and movement problems
- frontotemporal dementia, which often affects personality and behaviour, and can start at a younger age
- mixed dementia, with more than one type
Dementia that starts before 65 is called young onset dementia.
Getting diagnosed
See a GP if you or someone close to you is worried. The GP will ask questions, do memory tests and blood tests to rule out other causes, such as thyroid problems or low vitamin B12. You may be referred to a memory clinic for more tests and a brain scan.
Read about dementia treatment and support.
Common questions
Is dementia a normal part of ageing?
No. Memory can get a little worse with age, but dementia is caused by diseases of the brain. It is more common in older people, but it is not a normal part of getting older.
Is it worth getting a diagnosis?
Yes. Symptoms may have another, treatable cause. A diagnosis also means you can get medicines, support and benefits, and plan ahead while you are able to make decisions.
Sources we used
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